Rupalakshmi Harshavardhan¹, Pranay Krishna Penagaluru², Shehnaz Sultana³

¹Department of Psychiatry, Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India.

²Department of Emergency Medicine, Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India.

³Department of Genetics, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Corresponding Author: P. Pranay Krishna, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Alluri Sitaram Raju Academy of Medical Sciences (ASRAM), Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India; ORCID ID- 0000-0002-2472-3823.

Citation: Rupalakshmi H, Pranay K.P, Shehnaz S. (2025) Unravelling the Patterns of Suicidal Ideation and Attempts: Insights from Sociodemographic Factors, Triggers, and Psychiatric Comorbidities. Int J Fam Med Pub Health, 4(1);1-5.

Copyrights: © 2025, P. Pranay Krishna. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Abstract

Background: Suicide is a significant public health issue, contributing to the global burden of the disease. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), one person dies by suicide every 40 seconds, with over 800,000 deaths annually. In India, suicide rates have reached an all-time high, with more than 100,000 deaths reported in 2021. Despite the increasing awareness and de-stigmatization efforts, suicidal ideation and attempts remain underreported, posing a significant challenge to the healthcare system.

Objectives: This study aims to assess the sociodemographic, psychological, and clinical factors influencing suicidal ideation and attempts in individuals presenting to a tertiary care centre.

Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on individuals presenting with suicidal ideation or attempts. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, psychiatric comorbidities, psychosocial stressors, and personality traits were collected and analyzed. Standardized suicide risk assessment tools were used to classify the severity of ideation and the likelihood of transition to suicidal behavior.

Results: Preliminary findings indicate a rising trend in suicide attempts, particularly among younger individuals, females, and those with psychiatric comorbidities such as depression, substance use disorders, and impulse control disorders. Sociodemographic determinants, stressful life events, and personality traits play a crucial role in suicide risk. Findings suggest that a significant proportion of individuals experiencing suicidal ideation transition to attempts within the first year of onset.

Conclusion: Understanding the psychosocial and clinical determinants of suicidality is essential for targeted interventions and suicide prevention strategies. This study highlights the urgent need for comprehensive mental health screening, early intervention, and policy-driven approaches to suicide prevention in India.